Liquid projector



April 7,"1925- A. V. SAMMIS vLIQUID PROJECTOR Filed July 3, 1917 3Sheets-Shea?l prjl 7, 1925.

- l 1,532,203 A. v. sAMMls l LIQUID PROJECTOR Filed July 5. 1917 3'Sheets-Sheet 2 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 A. v sA-MMls LIQUID PROJECTOR Filed July3, 1917 *April 7, 1925 Patented Apr. 7, 1925.

NUNITED v.slrafrylszs P ATE N T 'Q FSFSIICE .ALBERT V. SAMMIS, 0FHUNTINGTON`,"N`EW'YORK, ASSIGNOR TO FIRE 'GUNMANU- FACTUR-ING COMPA`NY,`INC., OF '.HUNTNGTN, NEW `YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

LIQUID PROJECTOR.

.Application filed'uly 3, 1917. Sera1 No.--178,407.

To all ifo/0m if; 'may concern.'

Be itknownl that LAI-inner V. Simms, a citizen of the United States, andresident of l'luntington, in the county 'of Suffolk and State of NewYork, have invented `certain new and useful Improvements in Liquid.irojectors, iof :which the `following is a specification.

My present invention relates tofdeviccs for forcibly project-ing liquidsfrom aV suitable container, and has for, its iobject to @provideimproved :means for regulariizing* the flow of the liquid, forpreventing leakage (sparticularly at the outlet) ywhen the apparatus isnot in use, and for insuring the proper working of the fdeviceirrespective of the position in which itimay beheld. According to the`nature of the liquid employed, the device may `beused as a`lireextinguisher or as a sprayer for various agricultural,.industrial,or other purposes.

In the embodimentslof my invention illustrated .by .the accompanyingdrawings, l have :located withinA the container, anpnmp for producingthe ipressure required to expel the liquid.

lnsaid drawings, Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section (with parte in'outside view), of a form-of my apparatus Ain which the pump isanfair-pump; Fig. .2 isfa longitudinal section tal-:en substantially onVthe `line 2*:2 of Fig. 1; l(1 ig-Z' is a vertical sectionshowing thecentral portion of Fig. 2-on an enlarged scale; Fig. l is a det-ailAvertical section, taken iu'a plane at 45 to that-of Fig. 3, and showsone of the parts represented in Fig. il; Fig. 5 is an ei'ilargedsectionalview of the parts shown at Athebottom of `Fig. 1with the pumppiston in a diiferentposit-ion; Fig. G is a-detail perspective view of alocking member. co-operating with the pistonv rod; Fig. 7 is adetailview with vrparte in horizontal section kon line 7 7 lof Fig-1; Figs. 8and 9 arelongitudinal sections correspond* ing substantially tolfigs. 1and 2 respectively, and Yshowing a species of my inven tion in which'the ypump -is a liquidepump; Fig. 10 isa View corresponding to F ig. 3,but illustrating the ,construction of Figs. 8 and 9; Fig.v S11 isa faceView of a valvestop employed .in )this second construction; Fig. 125is adetail diagrammatic developed view of `the locking device which(zo-operates with the piston rod in .the construction of Figs. 8. and 9;Fig. 13 is a cross section` onV line 13-13 lofFig.v 9; Fig. ,1l shows,.on ay reduced scale, a top view of the devicerepresented vin Fi 8, 9,and 13, the pump handle being omitted from Fig. 14; Fig. 15 isa partiallongitudinal section corresponding substantially vto Fig. 8,illustrating a third form .of my linvent-ion; Fig. 16 is a cross section`on line 16-16 of Fig. 15; and; Fig. 17 is a vertical section showingstill another form of my invention.

Refer-ring particularly v'to Ythe construction shown in Figs. 1 tto 7, AAindicates the Apreferably cylindrical body of. thecontainerhaving alsoa .preferably .bulged head A anda preferably recessed .bottom A. Ateneside l have .shown a. filling nipple iB secured .to the wall or .body A.and extending into the container at. rightangles to :said wall. Thisnipple is `normally closed iby .a screw, vplug Then .the container is tobe filled .with a liquid (say, carbon tetrachlorid yfor extinguishing`fires), it is laid down so that the axis ofthe cylindrical .wallv `willbehori- Zontalor approximately so, and the nipple B at the top. Therplug B ,having beentremoved, liquid can be poured :into .the'container,but only until the level of the .liquid rises to .the inner v(lower)endof the nipple, after which -it will be .impossible to pour 4inadditional liquid; filling Vthe `container en-.

tirely is .thus prevented, ,and `in this wayl insure the retention ofanairv space which will be of advantage, bothasregards the easierstarting Y of =tlie liquid `flow, and through the fact that, .upon a.rise of temperature, the .liquid may expand Awit-hout .exertinganyinaterialstrain "on the container. This arrangement of the fillingnipple is preferably employedl whenever the pump is an airgpump.

VAccording to the forms of` myyinvention to ythe Ibot-tom A, `preferablyin. suclna manncrthat stl'ienozzle will not project `beyond the adjacentedge of the wall A; this vill protect the nozzle tip when the apparatusis set upright on a table or other flat surface, as will bel obviousfrom Figs. l, 2, 8, 9 and l5.

Referring again particularly to Figs. l to 7, in which the pump is anair pump, I have shown an outlet casing 2O adjacent to the nozzle C, apump barrel 2l one end of which is fitted into a shouldered chamber 20at the inner end of the said casing, and a head casing 22 located at thehead A and receiving the other end of the pump barrel 2l. The outletcasing 2O is secured by a threaded engagement with the nozzle C, or inother suitable manner. lhe head casing 22 is secured to the head A, sayin the. the manner indicated in Fig. 2, and is provided at its outer endwith a chamber containing a packing ring 23 located between cone-facedmetal washers 23 and compressed by a threaded metal gland 24 so as toengage tightly the hollow piston rod 25. The louter end of this rod isthreaded for connection with a handle 2S. The gland 24 and the washers23 may be removed readily after unscrewing the handle, as the chamber ofthe casing 22 in which said gland and washers are contained, is ofpreferably uniform diameter to its outer end. The gland 24' ispreferably provided with an annular outward projection 2e surrounded bya. packing ring 24C (say,

j of cork) adapted to fit` into a recess at the inner end of the handle,when thelatter is in its innermost position; this is to prevent thepossibility of leakage along the outer surface of the piston rod 25, orrather the escape of any liquid which may get past the packing 23 whenthe device is not in use. The handle 26 is shown provided with an airinlet channel 27 leading` to the hollow piston rod 25, the latter,near-its outer end, containing an inwardly-opening air-inlet valve 28.Then the: handle is removed from Vthe piston rod, this valve 2S isreadily accessible for inspection and renewal, the small housino 29,which contains the ball valve and the spring to seat said ball, beingconstructed for a threaded eng-agement with the 'removable perforatedplug 29 having aI valve seat. rlhe chamber of the cylinder or barrel 21adjacent to the head is adapted to receive air from the outside througha channel 30 located in the head casing 22 and controlled by aninwardly-opening spring-pressed valve 31. This easing 22 is alsoprovided with a channel 32, controlled by an outwardly-openingspring-pressed valve 33, to allow air to pass from the upper chamber ofthe pump cylinder to the interior or main space of the container.

lVithin the barrel 2l a piston 3-l of any suitable construction issecured to the piston rod 25, the open lower end of said rod projectingbelow thel piston as shown.` Thus,

normally, the interior of the hollow piston rod 25 communicates with thecylinder chamber below the piston, the chamber 20 of the outlet casing2O forming an extension and virtually a portion of the lower p umpchamber. From the chamber 20, a channel 35, controlled by aspring-pressed outwardlyopening valve 36, leads to the interior or mainspace of the container.

It will be obvious that the pump just described is a double-acting airpump which at each stroke will draw air from the surrounding atmosphereinto one end of the pump barrel and at the same time force air from theother end of said barrel into the main space of the container. Duringthe inward stroke, the suction valve 3l and the delivery valve 36 willopen, the suction valve 28 and the delivery valve 33 remaining closed,while the reverse action will take place during the outward stroke.

The air thus forced into the main chamber of the reservoir exertspressure on the liquid therein and (the outlet nozzle C being open, asin Fig. 5) causes the liquid to be expelled through the nozzle C in thefollowing manner: (ln a suitable part of the apparatus, say the pumpbarrel 2l, a valve casing 37 is supported, as by means of a plate 37.tral chamber 38, in permanent communication with a chamber 20 of theoutlet casing 20, by means of a lateral channel 3S) located in the plate37, said channel communicating with a pipe 40 which extends lengthwiseof the container and leads to a duct ll in the casing 20, said ductbeing connected with the aforesaid chamber 20". rfhis chamber isadjacent to the nozzle C, and communicates with it during the operationof the lire-extinguisher, sprayer, etc. lhe valve casing 37 alsocontains two end chambers 4-2, one at each side of the charnber 38, andat the junction of each end chamber with the central chamber I provide ashoulder or seat for a ball valve 43. '.lhe seat for this valve 43 isformed in such a manner (see Fig. that the valve will engage it along aline, and not along a surface; sticking of the valve is thus avoided.Between the two valves 4 3 l locate a sliding separator 4&4, separatefrom and loose relatively to said valves, and of such a length as toinsure that at any time, at least one of the end chambers hft2 will beopen to the central chamber 38. Of course the separator @t4 is of such ashape as not to obstruct the passage of liquid from the end chambersLl-2 to the central chamber 38 and from the latter to the channel 39..Each of the end chambers 42 also contains the following` parts: Aperforated stop l5 to limit the outward movement of the respective valve43, said stop being projected from, and preferably made integral with, amember 46 pro- 'lhis valve casing contains a cenrgssemoe vided with anaxial passage and with `a j sphericall'y roi'mde'd' seat at'the routerend 'of said passage; tw( "elastic (felt) fwa'shersll on the outside ofsaid member v46 'an outer member or 'thimble 48 fitted 'over said waslrers/4:7 and over-a portion of 'tlie innen-member g4G, and 'engaging al'flange -onf the lastnamed member to press the latterlagainst'asuitable shoulderof the'casingf?, said thimble beingI formed with aspherictilly'rounded seat at the edge'of an intulmed'flangelprovided atlitscolrterende; kand a perforated universally pivo'ted ball 49 fittedagainst the two seats ofthe members 4G and 48 respectively,` and alsoagainst the inner'` surfaces of the washers 47. 'The members 46, `48andthe other parts just mentioned are -heldE in position in any suitablemarmer, preferably by crinrp'ing the' edges at the `ends of the casing;`37 inwardly, as indicatedat (Figi. Tith each of the `ballmemb'ers 49' isconnected a s\\'ingi ng liquid-convey-fing,r member `or tube `50,Ipreferably of afrigid character,'and the 'free endslof theseiimembersor tubes'are provided with finlet orifices for the liquid and adapted toinoi-*eadjacent toy the head A andthe bottom 1A. respectively. The ballmembers `49 with their sockets form universal joints 'for theswing'- ingliquid-conveying members 5or tubes 50, and preferably the -inner'sur-faces ofi the head A and of; the sbottom A 'are curved sphericallyto conform to Athe lpaths of the y free ends ofthe tubes 50. Theseen'dsmay be weightechas shownat 150', fto'causelthem to respond more quicklyto changes in the position offthe container. Collars'oO 'ofv felt orother suitable material may be rrsed if desired tokeep the. free endsofthe tubes from striking `against lthe wall `of sthe container andagainst the pump easings. irllhe valve casing 37 is prefer-'ably"locatedin the longitudinal a'xisof the container' :(see' 2) and about half-waybetween Ithe headk A f and thel bottom A1, so that the "two tubes 5()may be alike.

It will be obvious that gravitywill cause the valves 43 and theseparator'44, 'as-well as the liquid-conveying members oi-ftubes 50,always to assume such a po'sitionas to'connectat least one `of the tubes50 with the central chamber 38 and to interrupt connection between thesaidchamber38 and that end chamber 42which temporarily -is higher 'thanthe other end chamber k42. Thus-1in Fig.- 2 only the *lower `endchamberlfandlthe lower tube are 2in communication' with the centralchamber 38. AIf thefpun'rp 'is operated, the cha`mber20l is opentotheo'utle'tnozzle C, and the liquid willenterthe free end of-one Ior1"bothof the ltubes'50,as the inlet orili'ce of one orfboth `o'f'fthem -dipsinto the 'liquidfwhich will then fflo'w through such "tubeor tubes'and'ipast the valve or` val'ves 43 not sea-ted yat" the time, yinto thecentral chamber 38, and*v -'thence vthrough the chainnel 39,' pipe 40,iduct 4il,and chamber 20 to the outlet knozzleA C,

The cham-ber 20 not only serves to receive certain parts hereinafterclescribed; but also,f1b'y trapping' or holding albody ofair, performsthe function `of-a `wIi-ndc"ne'st to regtllarize 'the flow of the liquidfrom the nozzle.

It is desirable that the nozzle C'sh'ould be closed 'securely'when"theapparatus is not in use,-so`as tov avoidspi'lling orf leakage ofthe liquid 'contained-therein. For 'this purpose, I' have Lprovidedashutsofl member controlling the' connection of thechamfber 20 withthe'passagelof the-nozzle C. In the construction illustrated by; Figs.l, 2, and 3, the shutoff member consists of a disk 5l -of felt or othersuitable material adapted toengafge the inner yend efa 'tubularprojection C extend# in'gfrom lther-nozzle C into the chamber 20". Withthis particiilar arrangement, a certain am'ountv'ffliquid up to thelevel of the :tree end of said projection) fmay remain the bottom `ofthe chaniber20,Without 'any dan*r geref 'spillingr this amou-ntwhen theshutofl1 menrberel is liftedol1 its seat. The shut-oil" disk 5ll iscontained inacylindrical socke't52 Vprojectedv from one side of asliding disk 52 `guided in the chamber 20'.`

Thisfdisk, Aif desired, may fit like a piston against the wall fof'thechamber, butr this -is not necessary, that is Ito say7 an air-tight fit`is'not required. A spring', coiled around the lsocket 452 andv bearingagainst'- the` nozle C, tendsto force the slide 52 and the shut-offmember 5l away lfrom the nozzle.

On Ethe other (innerf) Vside of the slided-isk 52 isflocated a central'projection orX pin 52 the chamber 20 but preferably closed to the'chamber 20 and Ain ou-I'i'itedto slide in 'that' portion`20* of thecasing 2O which separates the chamber '20 from :the chamber "20.

Both 'the-fdisk'v52 andthe capor tube slide 1n the same direction, whichis also vthe direction in which' the piston rod 25reciprocates,-:i`nd?the' lower end of saidlrod is adapted 1to 'engage'the upper `end lof the` ytube under certaincon'ditions. `washer 4inaybe placedmround:the lower portion off the tube 54, 5tol preventcommunication between thechamb'ers 20 and'20 when the parts are in thefpositi'on (Fig. 5) Vwhich they assume when"'the apparatus `is in use. Aspring' 55 is eoiled around the `pin 52 and bears aga-inst Vfthe tube*54, and preferably this spring VHis appreci'ably stronger than thespring 53; thel'atte'r therefore lifts the shutdisk 1is` released, whilethe spring' 55 tends to separa-te the t'ube from fthe diskl, and vhenthfrcap=or`tl1be 54 is pressed down as set iforth lbelowr such motion'is `transmitted yielding-ly tof the disk 5l, -byf the spring 55 whichthen presses the said disk against its seat. Inasmuch as the liquidpassing through the chamber tends to lift the disk 5l, particularly ifthe latter is constructed as a piston, the spring 5B is not absolutelynecessary to make the device operative, and might be omitted.

Below the piston 34, that is to say, on the side of the piston towardthe outlet, the piston rod is provided with a diametral pin 25projecting transversely at each side. In the chamber 20, at the lowerend of the pump barrel 2l, is located. a ring 56 whose centralperforation is large enough to allow the lower end of the piston rod 25to pass through freely (see Fig. 2). At its inner edge, this ring orlocking member (Fig. 6) is provided with a pair of diametrieallyoppositenotches 56 to allow the ends of the pin 25 to pass therethrough in oneposition, and with two diametrieally-opposite, downwardly-open sockets56. located between the said notches and adapted to receive and lock theends of said pin 25 after the same has been turned through an angle of,say 90 from the position in which it registers with the notches 56.During the normal operation of the apparatus, the pin 25 will be in sucha position (say, as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 5) as to bestopped by engaging the upper surface of the locking member 56 when thepiston is at the end of its inward stroke; thus the inner end of thepiston rod will be prevented from striking against the cap or tube 54,and the latter as well as the shut-off member 5l will remain in theposition shown in Fig. 5, as long as the pump is being operated. lVhenthe operation is discontinued, and it is desired to close the nozzle C,the piston rod 25 is turned (by means of the handle 26) to bring the pin25 to the position indicated by the full circle in Fig. 5, in registrywith the notches 56', and then the piston 34 may be pushed inwardfarther than during the operation of the pump, the ends of the pin 25passing through said notches until the pin is below the locking member56, and the end of the piston rod 25 engages the cap or tube 54 andpresses it down. rIhis compresses the spring and causes the disk 52 andthe shut-off member 5l to move downward also, whereby this member isbrought to the closing position, see Fig. 2. giving the handle 26 aquarter-turn in either direction, the ends of the pin 25 are broughtinto registry with the sockets 56, and the upward pressure of the springwill force said pin ends into the sockets, thus locking the partsagainst accidental movement. rlhe use of two sliding members 52, 54,with a spring 55 tending to force them apart, insures a proper seatingof the shut-o member 51, irrespective of any wear of said parts.

In order to indicate to the user when the By then pin 25 is in registrywith the notches 56', I may employ the construction shown in Figs. l, 2and 7. The handle 26 is made with a projection 26 adapted to registerwith one or the other of two notches 7 9 in a flanged ring 79 secured tothe head A', at the time the pin 25 registers with the notches 56. Inthis position the pump piston may be given a reciprocating motion, butpreferably, after the handle has been pulled out a slight distance, itis given a partial turn so as to bring the projection 26 in line withthe solid portion of the flanged ring 7 9; the flange of this ring willthus be in the path of the projection 26 and prevent the handle frombeing pushed in fully. Of course, the solid portions of the lockingmember 56 are at that time in the path of the pin 25 and also have thefunction of limiting the inward movement of the piston, but these partsare concealed from view whereas the projection 26 forms a visibleindicator in conjunction with the notches 79. The notches 7 9 thereforeconstitute marks which when in registry with the indicating projection26 show that the pin 25 is in registry with the notches 56.

After the gland 24 has been removed as mentioned above, an outward pullon the handle 26 will withdraw not only the packing 23 and the washers23, but the piston as well, since the diameter of the chamber containingsaid gland, packing and washers, is greater than the piston diameter.

In the construction illustrated by Figs. 8 to 14 inclusive, the pump isa double-acting liquid pump, and not an air pump. The parts A, A, A, C,C, 20, 21, 22, 23, 23', 24, 25, 25, 26, 34, 37, 38, 39, 42, 43, 44, 47,49, 50, 50, 50, 5l, 52, 52, 52, 53, 54, 54', and 55, are practically ofthe same construction as in Figs. l to 7, although the piston rod 25 maybe solid instead 0f tubular, and the handle 26 is made without thechannel 27. The ball stop 45 in this case is shown a separate piece(Figs. l0 and ll), the dotted lines in Fig. ll indicating the crosssectional shape of the end chamber 42. lhe perforated member 46 has aspherically curved inner seat for the ball 49, the outer ball seat beingin the member 48 located cxteriorly of the washers 47. rIhe lateralchannel 39 connects with a central chamber 57 in a valve casing 37* onthe plate 37, the connection of said chamber 57 with the end chambers 58being controlled by gravity ball valves 59, the outward movement ofwhich is limited by suitable devices, suoli as the perforated stop disks60; these disks may be exactly like the stop disks 45 of Fig. l1, exceptthat the disks 45 may be made (as shown) without the central per--foration. One of the end chambers 58 is connected by a pipe 6l with thechamber 20 of the outlet casing 20, and therefore b il with. the` lowerend or c-oi'npartment of the pump barrel lgrthefotherendchainber 58 isconnected by aisimilar pipe 62 with the other, upper end or compartmentot the pump, barrel 2l. A third pipe, ('33, which like the pipes (3l and.62 extends lengthwise ofthe pump., .connects the upper pumpcompartment-with the: outlet nozzle` C by way oit' a chamber4 64, avpassage65, and the chamber `this connectionbeing-controlled by a valve(Gwlocated in. the chamber 611-. Thvalve GG .moves between .two seats,and when the lowerseatis engaged as in Figs. S and 9, .the outlet nozzleC is in communication with the upper compartment off the pump barrel,.while the. communication ofthe said nozzle with the. lower compartmentofthe pump barrel is; interrupted by said valve. Then the valve G6engages the` upper seat, the communication ot the outlet nozzle C withthe upper pump compartment isi interrupted, but a connection isestablished from said nozzle through the chamber 20, the. passage 65,the chamber 64, a duct 67, and the chamber 20f,.with the lowercompartment of the pump barrel 21. The stopplate 5,6* employed in thisconstruction (Fig. l2) has twov upwardly-bent tongues 56 and apair otdownwardly-bent tongues 66h, thewtwo tongues ofthe `same pair being at`diametrically-opposite points. During the reciprocationrof theI pumpIpiston, the plate 56* limits the downward or inward movement,1asdescribed before` VVhenit is desir-edito lock the piston andclose thenozzleC, the piston is turned .until the pin registers with the spacesor` openings betwcenthe adiacente-nds of the tongues 5G, 5G", and isthen pushed into bring the ends oli-the pin below thelocking plate, inthe same manner as described above. By then giving-the handle 2G`aboutahalf-tu-rn in the proper direction, the ends ofthe pin 25 arebrought to a stop against the downwardly-bent ends of the tongues. 56h,thus loc-king the` parts against accidental movement.

It will be understood thatin this second if'orinfof my invention, I mayemploy 'the saine loc-king device for closing` the outlet nozzle Casinthe i'orm irst described, or the locking'- dev-ice of Fig. 12 may beused in the said V[irst torni ot construction, instead off the one thereshown; in principle, the two locking devices are practically the same.

lt. will further be eviden-t that' in this second form of my invention.,the liquidconveying members or tubes will act as intake suction-pipestor' the pain-ip, and the free end of at least one otthese tubes willalways dipy into the'liquid,:and'it one tube or the other is directedlupwardly,.the corresponding ball valve 43, will, by. dropping onl itsSeat, shut oli' this` upwardlydirected tube. (the Afree end of which isin the airspace of the container)` from connection with the pump. Theotherptub'e 50, however,- (by. the action loi' they other valve 4.3aided by the separator 44), will bc connected with the pump, .throughthe end chamber 42, central chamber; 38, channel 39, andchamber 57. Thislatter chamber will communicate with that compartmentof the. pumpbarrel2l which at the time: is the suction compartment, since4 suction in`either pump compartment will be transmitted to the .corresponding endchamn ber 58 through the pipe 61 or 62 respectively, causingthecorresponding valve 59 to.;be. moved from its seat; so asto allow the.liquid to pass. to. such pump compartmentfrom the chamber` 57. The. twovalves 59 will therefore becomefseated alternately as. the pump pistonflis. reciprocated. As liquid is -being ejected from the container, airmust. be admitted to prevent the formationV ofy a vacuum, and for this,purpose, asfshowninFig. 8, a ballvalvef68 moving outwardly against asuitable seat in the casing; 22, and inwardly against. a suitableperforated stop. 69,.is providedto control a vent 22 in the casing252.'. In order that. no liquid may leali through said vent, a: caporstopper 70 is arranged to, engage and close the outer end of the vent,said stopper` beingv thenzheld againstsaid vent by a movableI and'.preferably. elastic finger 71, secured to the` head A and to the casing22, .say by ayscrew -7 1",.andhaving a perforation for the passa-ge ofthe piston rodg25. When the handleis pushed in fully (locked position,Fig-e8 and 9.), it forces the free or `movable end of. the finger 7linwardly to pushthestopper 70 against the` vent as shown. lhen. howeve-r, the. handle is pulled; out, asin oper ating? the pump, thestopper '70is moved awayfrom the vent 22 by afcoiled.spring` 73, ofsuliicient. strength to overcome the pressure of the finger 7l.

This` second form of my invention has substantially. the same devicesasv the. first form, tonlocking the piston and for shutting oi theoutlet nozzle` C when. the. apparatusis not in use, and for renderingthe flow. ot' liquid regular or uniform owing to. theft'act that thechaniiber. 20. forms a windchest. AThe filling` oi the container mightbe edectedin( the. same way as in the form flirstdeseribed, or throughan open iugin the head A', normally closed by a plugB 9;).

The iorm of my` inventionshown1in yFigs. l5 and 16 differs from the`second 'forni (Figs.V 8 to 14)*only inthe following particulars: Thevalvesl). are pressed towards their seats by spri1igs.,60f, whichotcourse yield when suctionitends t0; move these `ball valvesftrom theirseats. The plate 37 can ries still another valve casing 37, containing achamber or passage 64, while valves 74, under the influence of springs75, and opening into said chamber 64, control the connection of thischamber with pipes 63 and G3, of which the Yformer (like the upper endof the pipe 63 in Fig. 8) is conneoted with the upper compartment of thepump barrel 21, while the pipe 63 (corresponding substantially to thelower end oi the pipe 68 in Fig. 8) leads to the chamber 20 and thelower compartment of the pump barrel. The chamber or passage G4' isconnected by a pipe or tube 76 with a wind-chest or air-chamber 77connected by a tube 78 with the channel 41 leading to the outlet chamber20 of the casing 20. The wind-chest 77 retains a trapped body of airwhich renders the flow of liquid uniform or regular, as explained abovein connection with the chamber 20 of the constructions shown in Figs. 1to 14.

In Fig. 15 the member sliding in the chamber 20 is formed as apistonq52, the .cylindrical hollow projection 52 ot which engages astationary washer 51 made of telt or other suitable material and placedagainst the inner surface of the nozzle C, which in this case is shownas made without the tubular projection C. When the piston. member 52a isin its closing position as in Fig. 15, its lower surface is practicallyflush with the adjacent oriiice ot the channel 41. The spring 53 tendingto open the outlet of the nozzle, is omitted in this construction; butwhen the operation of the pump propels liquid under pressure into theoutlet chamber 20, below the piston disk 52a, such liquid will force thepiston 52a away from the washer 51', thus opening the outlet of thenozzle C. In this particular construction, the nozzle outlet will beclosed automatically, by the action of the spring 55, as soon as theoperation oi the pump is discontinued. The piston rod 2', in thisconstruction, is therefore not relied upon to seat the silde valve uponthe outlet of the nozzle C, but only to lock the said valve .in suchseated or closing position, The other 'features ot construction andoperation ot the device shown in Figs. 15 and 1?, are the same asdescribed above in connection with Figs. 8 to 14. While it is true thatin 'this construction (Figs. 15 and 1G) the spring suffices to close theoutlet nozzle as soon as the pump stops ejecting the liquid underpressure, so that the action ot the piston rod is not required to closesaid outlet, still when the piston rod is brought down to the lockedposition, it puts the spring 55 under increased pressure and thus holdsthe outlet closed more securely.

In Fig. 17, the slide 52, ot a construction similar to that of Figs. 15and 16, has a loose connection with the cap 54 by means ot pins 8Ohaving a sliding fit in the body of the slide 52 and provided with headsbelow said body, the upper ends of said pins being secured rigidly tothe cap 54, or rather to the washer 54* above the lange of said cap. Theupper end of the cap 54 is made with a coupling 54a, for instance in thenature of a longitudinally-split elastic pin adapted to tit into acorresponding socket at the lower end of the piston rod 25. Thus, whenthe outlet is closed as in Fig. 17, the coupling pin 54a is within thesocket of the piston rod. After the piston rod 25 has been turned torelease the pin 25 from the locking member 56, an upward pull on thepiston rod will tirst take along the cap 54 alone and later also theslide 52 when the heads of the pins 80 engage said slide. The outletwill thus be open positively. As soon as the washer 54* engages thepartition 205:, further upward movement of the cap 54 will be impossibleand continued pull on the handle 26 will cause the socket at the lowerend of the piston rod to become separated from the coupling pin 54n onthe cap It will be obvious that when the piston is pushed in to bringthe pin 25 under the locking member 5G, the coupling pin 54n will againsnap into the socket ot the piston rod, and the outlet will be closed insubstantially the same manner as described above.

Various modiications may bemade without departing from the nature of myinvention as set forth in the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a liquid-projector, a pump comprising a cylinder and a piston, inconjunction with a casing having intake connections, gravity valveslocated in said casing and controlling said connections, another casingintegral with the first-named casing and communicating therewith, andsuction alves contained in said second casing and controlling itsconnection with opposite ends of the pump cylinder.

2. In a liquid-projector, a .liquid-con4 tainer provided with an outlet,a chamlwr adjacent to said outlet, a closing member movable in saidchamber and controlling its ("onnection with said outlet, a pistonnicmber connected rigidly with said outletclos ing member and movable insaid chamber, and a liquid-conveying member having an inlet arranged todip into the liquid, and connected with said chamber between its outletconnection and the piston member, whereby the pressure of the liquidflowing` into said chamber will tend to move said piston member and openthe outlet.

3. In a liquid-projector, a liquid-container provided with an outlet, achamber adjacent to said outlet, an inwardly-opening valve controllingthe connection of said chamber with said outlet, a piston member movablein said chamber and arranged to carry said valve from a closed to anopen position, and means for conveying liquid to said chambe at a pointbetween said piston member and the outlet connection of said chamber.

4. In a liquid-projector, a liquid-emr tainer provided with an outlet, apump for causing' the liquid to be discharged through said outlet. saidpump including a member arranged to reciprocate toward and from saidoutlet, an outlet-closing member movable in the same direction as thereciprocating pump member, a spring-pressed member :interposed betweensaid outlet-closing` member and said reciprocating pump member, and aguide with which said springpressed member has a sliding engagement.

5. In a liquid-projector, a liquid-container provided with an outlet, apump t'or causing the liquid to be discharged through said outlet, saidpump including a member arranged to reciprocate toward and from saidoutlet, an outlet-closinp,` slide movable in the same direction as saidpump member, another slide, likewise movable in this direction, locatedbetween said pump member and the tirst-named slide, and aspringinterposed between said two slides and tending to separate them.

G. In a liquid-projector, a liquid-container provided with an outlet, achamber adjacentto said out-let, an inwardly-openn ing valve controllingthe connection of said chaniber with said outlet, a movable member. incontact with the liquid contained in said chamber, and connected withsaid valve to carry it from a closed to an open position, and means Atorconveying' liquid to said chamber at a point between said movable memberand the outlet connection of said chamber` whereby the pressure of theliquid in said chamber will act on the said movable member to bring thevalve to its open position.

7. In a liquid-projector, a liquid-com tainer provided with an outlet, apump for causingl the liquid to be discharged through said outlet, saidpump including' a reciproeating' piston, an operating` rod extending,trom said piston to the outside oit the containcr,l a handle secured tothe outside portion ci' said rod, a parking gland through which saidpiston rod extends, said gland beingl provided with an outwardprojection, and a packing' collar adapted to tit around said projectionand into a recess on the inner tace ot' the handle when the latter is inits innermost position.

8. In a liquid-projector, a liquidcon tainer provided with an outlet, apump for causing the liquid to be discharged through said outlet, saidpump including a reciprocating piston and a piston rod provided with atransverse projection, said rod with its projection being' adapted toturn on its axis, a locking' member located within the container andadapted to co-operate with vsaid projection to lock or unlock the pistonrod, a handle located exteriorly ot the container and connected withsaid piston rod, and indicating` means located eXteriorly of thecontainer, for showing whether the piston rod is locked or unlocked.

9. In a. liquid-projector, a container, a pump lor ejecting liquid fromsaid con tainer, said pump including a reciprocatin b piston, anoperatingrod extending, from said piston to the outside of thecontainer, a headcasiny through which said rod passes to the outside oitthe container, said casing, being formed with a chamber whose diameteris greater than that of the pump piston, packing' in said chamber, and aremovable gland, of greater diameter than the piston, at the outer endot said chamber, whereby, on the removal o't said gland, the piston rodcan be pulled out with the packing and with the piston.

10. In aliquid-projector, a pump comprising a cylinder and means forexerting suction and pressure therein, in conjunction with a suctioninta-ke casing connected with said pump cylinder and having an intakemember connected with such casing movably, and held in said casing by anintev al part oi the casing.

ll. In a syringe the combination ot, a reservoir; a piston chamber inthe reservoir having' suction inlets to opposite ends thereof and adischarge outlet t0 the exterior of the reservoir connected withopposite ends otl the piston chamber; al piston; a rod to reciprocatethe piston extending from the end of the piston chamber opposite to thedischarge outlet; a valve operable during` the reciprocation of thepiston to shut ott' the discharge outlet iroin opposite ends of thepiston chamber, and valve mechanism operable when the piston is in its'innermost position to shut olf the discharge outlet from said chambersubstantiall'j7 as and 'tor the purpose specilied.

ALBERT V. SAMMIS.

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